• Most Indigenous communities lack access to affordable capital needed to acquire meaningful ownership levels in major projects. Addressing this issue will require expanding successful but geographically limited financing programs.
• Métis and Inuit communities lack access to First Nations–led institutions that are facilitating major project ownership. A distinctions-based approach is needed to bridge this gap.
• Remote communities can benefit from shared capacity resources that account for their small scale, as well as funding programs that consider their low revenues and high costs.
• Indigenous communities and project proponents are de-risking their investments in major projects through early engagement, trust-based relationships, and creative transaction structures.
• The federal government can further de-risk major project investments involving Indigenous co-owners by clarifying how the policy environment will impact project returns.

Key Findings
Introduction
Indigenous Rights and Major Project Agreements
Building Capacity to Oversee Major Projects
Accessing Capital to Finance Ownership
Conclusion
Appendix A–Major Projects with Indigenous Co-owners
Appendix B–Methodology
Appendix C–Bibliography